高二英语复习——如何提高阅读能力

标签：高二英语,http://www.gaofen123.com 高二英语复习——如何提高阅读能力,

　　⒐ 培养猜词能力。

　　阅读短文过程中，有时会遇到似熟非熟的单词，这类词往往一词多义，在句子中难以辨别与理解。在平时读训练时，尽量不要去查字典，可以通过上下文、上下句、句子结构等猜出所表示的词义来。至于有些与题目无关的生词，如：表示人名、地名的词，只须知道其所表示的范围，不必翻译出来。掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，对排除阅读中某些生词的干扰，降低生词率，提高阅读速度和理解能力是必不可少的。培养猜词的技巧可从以下几方面进行：

　　⑴根据构词法来猜测生词词义：

　　应熟练掌握三种常见的构词法：转换、派生和合成。高考中属于这几种类型的生词是不会注出中文意思的，所以掌握构词法能使阅读化难为易，丰富词汇，从而达到一定的阅读理解程度。如：familiar（形容词） 熟悉的，familiarity（名词） 熟悉，familiarize（动词） 使熟悉，unfamiliar （形容词）不熟悉的，unfamiliarly（副词） 不熟悉地。

　　⑵ 根据普通常识来猜测生词词义：

　　如：

　　The Olympic games were to be completed in good spirit. The idea was to participate and not to win….根据常识，可以判断 participate 有“参与”的意思。因为奥运会提倡良好的比赛精神，其宗旨是参与，而不是论输赢。

　　⑶ 利用上下文提供的同义词来猜测生词的词义：

　　如：

　　Influenza is sometimes called flu or a bad cold. 根据上下文可以猜出：influenza是bad cold的同义词，意为：流感。

　　⑷ 根据上下文提供的反义词来猜测词义：

　　如：Most dentists’ office are drab places, but Emilion’s new office is a bright and dreadful place.根据上下文可以猜出，drab是cheerful或 bright的反义词，意为：死气沉沉的，阴暗的。

　　⑸ 根据语法结构、标点符号等猜测生词的词义：

　　如：

　　①The scientists who study insects are called entomologists. 根据定语从句提供的线索可以猜出entomologists意为：昆虫学家。

　　②Suddenly they became the parents of quintuplets, four girls and a boy.根据逗号后的解释可以猜出quintuplets意为：五胞胎。

　　⑹ 根据上下文具体的语境猜测生词的含义：

　　如：

　　The influence of TV on the life of the people is incalculable: it can influence their thoughts and their way of life. It can also add to their store of knowledge. Educational TV stations offer teaching in various subjects. Some hospitals use TV for medical students to get close-up views of operations. 通过这段话的描述，我们知道电视对人们的生活影响很大，所以我们猜测incalculable的意思为“大的，不可计算的”。

　　⒑ 掌握科学的阅读理解题的解题方法：

　　首先，迅速阅读理解的问题。

　　通过阅读问题，可以大致推断文章的大意，从而为尽快了解文章的内容做好了准备，增强了在将来读文章时的针对性，突出了重点，提高了做题效率。这种方法特别适用于图形表格类题材的理解。读问题时，最好能判断哪些问题与文章存在直接关系即可在文章中直接找出答案，哪些需要推理，哪些需要做结论等。这一步骤的目的主要就是要让自己知道应该找什么。

　　其次，快速阅读全文。

　　带着问题，尽量快速地阅读完整个文章，如果遇到了与某问题相关的材料，就用铅笔划出来，并写上题号，然后继续往下阅读。阅读中如果遇到了不懂的句子，不要停下来去深思熟虑。这一步骤的目的是对文章的内容结构有一个总体的了解，知道一些重点词、事实或有关材料在文中的位置。

　　第三，重读问题。

　　重新阅读问题，理解问题，并与文中相关的材料相对照。此时，每次要阅读一个问题，并弄懂问题。如果读了问题后，能在原文中找到相关的材料，就要重读一次相关材料，并可依此作出选择。这一步骤的目的就是将较容易的问题选择完，以便能更集中精力解决较难的问题。

　　第四，重新阅读全文。

　　这是第二次也是最后一次阅读全文，应带着问题（尤其是还未解决的问题）一字不漏地读完全文。这次阅读与第二步骤的阅读不同，因为此时已对文章有了总体的理解，所以这遍阅读将会注意到文章中的一些细微之处，将有助于解答难题。

　　最后，再次阅读尚未解决的问题。

　　对于仍未解决的问题，此时应再次认真理解并依照对文章的更透彻的理解，做出最终的选择。

　　㈤ 典型试题剖析：

　　①

　　America is growing older. Fifty years ago, only 4 out of every 100 people in the United States were 65 or older. Today, 10 out of every 100 Americans are over 65. The aging of the population will affect American society in many ways----education, medicine, and business. Quietly, the graying of American has made us a very different society----one in which people have a quite different idea of what kind of behavior is suitable at various ages.

　　A person’s age no longer tells you anything about his/ her social position, marriage or health. There’s no longer a particular year in which one goes to school or goes to work or gets married or starts a family. The social clock that kept us on time and told us when to go to school, get a job, or stop working isn’t as strong as it used to be. It doesn’t surprise us to hear of a 29-year-old university president of a 35-year-old grandmother, or a 70-year-old man who has become a father for the first time. Public ideas are changing.

　　Many people say, “I am much younger than my mother - or my father - was at my age.” No one says “Act your age” any more. We’ve stopped looking with surprise at older people who act in youthful ways.

　　1. It can be learnt from the text that the aging of the population in America _______.

　　A has made people feel younger

　　B has changed people’s social position

　　C has changed people’s understanding of age

　　D has slowed down the country’s social development.

　　分析：这是考查主旨大意的深层理解题。文章第一段最后一句“…people have a quite different idea of what kind of behavior is suitable at various ages”点明了主题。文章后两段也是围绕着这一主题展开叙述的：人口老龄化给社会，特别是给人们对年龄问题的理解带来了变化。所以C项是正确答案。

　　2. The underlined word “one” refers to ________.

　　A a society B America C a place D population

　　分析：这是词义理解题。one代替的是上文中提到的一个名词。是指different society，而不是指不同社会，所以，A项为正确答案。

　　3. “Act your age” means people should _________.

　　A be active when they are old

　　B do the right thing at the right age

　　C show respect for their parents young or old

　　D take more physical exercise suitable to their age

　　分析：这也是词义理解题。“Act your age” 是第一段最后一句所提到的an idea of what kind of behavior is suitable at various ages（在不同的年龄，什么样的行为是合适的），也就是B项所表示的：the right thing at the right age.此处的right就是suitable的意思。所以正确答案是B。

　　4. If a 25-year-old man becomes general manager of a big firm, the writer of the text would most probably consider it ________.

　　A normal B wonderful C unbelievable D unreasonable

　　分析：这是推理判断题。要求推测作者的态度。第二段最后两句话与最后一句话都反映了作者的态度。由于人们对年龄问题的看法发生了变化，25岁的年轻人成为一家大公司的经理，已不再是稀罕事。所以正确答案为A.

　　②

　　At 9:00 * Spivak’s bank telephoned and said his payment was late. “ The check is in the post,” * replied quickly. At 11:45 * left for a 12:00 meeting across town. Arriving late, he explained that traffic had been bad. That evening, *’s girlfriend wore a new dress. He hated it. “ It looks just great on you,” he said.

　　Three lies in one day! Yet * Spivak is just an ordinary man. Each time, he told himself that sometimes the truth caused too many problems. Most of us tell much the same white lies, harmless untruths that help to save trouble. How often do we tell white lies? It depends in part on our age, education, and even where we live. According to one U.S. study, women are more truthful than men, and honesty increases as we get older.

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