小学英语语法知识点整理

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　　1.人称代词

　　主格： I we you she he it they

　　宾格： me us you her him it them

　　形容词性物主代词：my our your her his its their

　　名词性物主代词： mine ours yours hers his its theirs

　　2.形容词和副词的比较级

　　(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er older taller longer stronger, etc

　　(2) 多音节词前+more more interesting, etc.

　　(3) 双写最后一个字母，再+er bigger fatter, etc.

　　(4) 把y变i，再+er heavier, earlier

　　(5) 不规则变化： well-better, much/many-more, etc.

　　3.可数词的复数形式

　　Most nouns + s a book –books

　　Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories

　　Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches

　　Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes

　　Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves

　　4.不可数名词(单复数形式不变)

　　bread, rice, water ,juice etc.

　　5. 缩略形式

　　I’m = I am

　　you’re = you are

　　she’s = she is

　　he’s = he is

　　it’s = it is

　　who’s =who is

　　can’t =can not

　　isn’t=is not etc

　　6. a/an

　　a book,

　　a peach

　　an egg

　　an hour

　　7. Preposition:

　　on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.

　　表示时间： at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast

　　on Monday on 15th July On National Day in the evening in December in winter

　　8. 基数词和序数词

　　one – first two-second twenty-twentieth

　　9. Some /any I have some toys in my bedroom.

　　Do you have any brothers or sisters?

　　10. be 动词

　　(1) Basic form: am/are/is

　　(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.

　　My eyes are(not) small.

　　My hair is(not) long.

　　(3)一般疑问句： Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.

　　Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.

　　Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.

　　11. there be 结构 肯定句：

　　There is a … There are …

　　一般疑问句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t. Are there…?

　　Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.

　　否定句： There isn’t …. There aren’t….

　　12. 祈使句 Sit down please Don’t sit down, please.

　　13. 现在进行时.通常用“now”. 形式：

　　be + verb +ing eg: I am(not) doing my homework.

　　You/We/They are(not) reading.

　　He/She/It is(not) eating.

　　动词 —ing 的形式

　　Most verbs +ing walk—walking

　　Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming

　　Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant

　　run –running swim—swimming

　　14 一般现在时。

　　通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。

　　肯定句： I go to school on foot every day. She goes to school on foot every day.

　　一般疑问句: Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.

　　否定句： We don’t go to school on Sundays. My mother doesn’t like watching TV in the evening.

　　15. (情态)动词can,must, should 后面直接用动词原形。

　　eg: 1. I / He / She / They can sing.

　　2.You should keep quiet in the library.

　　16. 一般过去时态

　　(a) be 动词的过去式: I/He/she/it was(not)…. You/we/they were….

　　一般疑问句was, were 放在句首。

　　(b) 动词过去式：

　　肯定句： I watched cartoons. She visited the zoo.

　　一般疑问句： Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t. Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, she didn’t. 否定句： They didn’t go the the part yesterday. He didn’t make model ships last week.

　　(3)动词过去式的变化：

　　规则动词的变化：

　　Most verbs +ed eg. planted,watered,climbed。

　　Verbs ending in e +d eg liked。

　　Verbs ending in a consonant +y --y +ied

　　eg : study—studied Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant

　　eg: stop --stopped

　　不规则动词的变化：

　　is/am—was,

　　are—were,

　　do—did,

　　have/has—had,

　　make—made,

　　fly-flew/u:/ eat—ate,

　　take—took,

　　run—ran,

　　sing—sang,

　　drink—drank 等等

　　17. “Wh-” questions.

　　What are you doing? What colour is it?

　　Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?

　　How much is the toy bear?

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