17.bring组成的短语
bring back拿回,带回,恢复,使……想起
bring down降低,使下降
bring up扶养,养育
bring in引起,带来,赚钱,赢利
bring out使显露,生产
bring about使发生,导致
18.complain to sb.about/of sth. 向某人抱怨/诉苦……
complain about sth. to sb. 向某人抱怨某事
She is always complaining about something. 她总是满腹牢骚
Lesson 2
1.I find painting or drwing very relaxing
这句用的是“find+宾语+宾语补足语”结构
类似的结构有:
Find+宾语+形容词/副词
Find+宾语+名词
Find+宾语+现在分词/过去分词/to be不定式
Find+宾语+介词短语
She woke up and found herself in a hospital bed.
2.stress
lay/place/put stress on 把重点放在……上
3.take place与happen, occur的用法区别
take place:指按计划、安排“发生”;“举行,进行”,相当于hold
happen:指偶然、意外的“发生”;“碰巧”,后面接动词不定式
occur作“发生”解,一般可与happen互换。Occur还表示“想起、想到”
It happened that the driver was his cousin. 那位司机碰巧是他的表弟。
When will the basketball game take place? 篮球赛何时举行?
The idea occurred to him in a dream.
4.suffer与suffer from
Suffer:意为“遭受(痛苦、损失)”,其宾语为pain, loss, punishment, wrong, hardship等
Suffer from:指遭受战争、自然灾害带来的苦难及患病之苦
They suffered a great loss in the earthquake. 在地震中,他们遭受了重大损失。
They suffered from all kinds of diseases in those years. 那些年他们身患各种各样的病。
5.reduce…to 表示“减少到……”;其中介词to表示“减少后的结果”
reduce…by表示“减少了……”;其中介词by表示“减少的程度或幅度”
6.I can’t stand talking in front of others.
“talking in front of others”为动名词短语作stand的宾语
后跟劝名词作宾语的动词还有:consider, admit, avoid, practise, appreciate, risk, imagine等
We are considering buying a new car.我们在考虑买一辆新车。
She tried to avoid answering my questions.她试图避而不答我的问题。
7.prefer sth./doing sth.更喜欢……
Prefer to do sth 宁愿做某事
Prefer sth./doing sth. to sth./doing sth.宁愿……而不愿……
Prefer sb. To do sth 宁愿某人做某事
Prefer to do sth. rather than do 宁愿……而不愿……
Prefer that sb. (should) do sth.宁愿某人做某事
Lesson 3
1.volunteer
(1)作名词,表示“志愿者”常接介词或不定式
The volunteers for community service are doing a good job. 社区服务的志愿者做得很出色。
(2)作动词,表“自愿去做”常跟to do 不定式
The young man volunteered to help the old man. 那个年轻人主动去帮助那位老年人。
Voluntary: adj. 自愿的,志愿的
She does voluntary work for the Red Cross. 她自愿义务为红十字会工作。
2. pay attention to…注意,留心,重视,相当于fix one’s attention on/upon
Draw/attract one’s attetion (to)引起某人的注意;使某人注意……
Lesson 4
1.连词before引导的时间状语从句
I’m always tried before I arrive at work. 这样每天到办公室内前,我就已感到很疲倦。
连词before的常见用法:
(1)it will be/was+时间段+before+时间状语从句:过了(一段时间)……才……
It was quite a few years before he finally finished his novel. 过了好多年他才写才了这本小说(2)It won’t be/wasn’t+时间段+before+时间状语从句:没过多久……就……
It won’t be long before we meet again.
(3)强调从句动作还没有发生,主句动作就发生了,作“还没来得及/没等……就”讲
Before I could sit down he offered me a cup of tea. 没等我坐下,他就给我端上一杯茶。
(4)趁着……
Try to grasp the opportunity before it is too late. 趁现在还不晚,一定要抓住机会。
2.有关make sure的短语
(1) make sure that+宾语从句
注意:make sure 后面常接that引导的宾语从句,后接名词时需加介词of/about一般不用不定式,没有make sure to do sth.的句型。
(2) be sure to do sth.务必/一定会做某事
(3) be sure of/about… be sure that+从句,表示肯定……,对……有把握
3.especially, specialy, particularly
especially:意为“尤其、特别地”。用来加强语气,常用在所强调的主语、介词短语、形容词、副词及状语从句前。
specially:意这“特意的,专门地”。强调不广泛,是专门为某一目的而进行的特地行为。
Particularly:=in particular“特别的,尤其”;表过某事不寻常、过分或特别重要。常用于修饰名词、介词短语。
4. at the moment此刻,目前,常用于现在进行时
For the moment暂时,目前
For a moment片刻,一会儿
In a moment 立刻,马上
The moment“一……就……”
5.not…anymore和no more意思想同,表示“不再……”
Hurry up! I can’t wait anymore. = Hurry up! I can no more wait 快点,我不能再等了。
6.as a result因此,结果
As a result of +n./pron.由于……
Result in 导致,造成……结果
Result from起因于,由于
Without result毫无结果地,徒劳地
7.come up with 提出,想出(计划、主意等)
Come across偶然遇到
Come about发生,产生
Come out(花儿)开放;出版权,发行;
Come true成真,变成现实
8. include与contianin
Include作“包含”解时,其后的宾语只是整体中的一部分,侧重于范围
Contain作“包含”解时,其后的宾语指的是整体的全部或部分,侧重于内容
The bottle contains two glasses of beer.这瓶子能装两杯啤酒。
Six people were killed, including a child. 6人死亡,其中包括一句小孩。
9. “主语+be+said/thought/believed/supposed等+动词不定式”句型表示“据说,人们说……”,相当于”It is/was+said/thought/believed/supposed等+that从句”
It is said that Sydney is beautiful.
10.make a difference:有关系,有影响
Make no difference:没有影响
Make some difference:有一些影响
二。语法
1.一般现在时
构成和句式:
肯定式:主语+do/does 或be(me/is/are)+其他
否定式:主语+do/does+not或be(me/is/are)+not+其他
疑问式:Do/Does或Be(am/is/are)+主语+其他
用法:
(1)表示现在发生的动作或存在的状态。
You look good in this new suit.
(2)表示经常性,习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常与usually, often, always, every day, sometimes, once a month, never等连用。
I often feel cold at this time of year.
(3)表示普遍真理和客观存在的事实。
But it is spring now. It is warm in spring.
(4)表示计划、安排好的将来动作。常用表示位置转移的动词。如go, come, arrive, leave, start, begin等。
The train leaves a 3:30 p.m.
(5)在时间或条件状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。