The doctor concluded that the patient's disease was cancer. 医生断定病人患的是癌症。
To conclude/in conclusion, I wish you all good health and a long life. 最后,祝大家健康长寿。
draw( arrive at/come to /reach )a conclusion “得出结论”，
jump to a conclusion 意为“草率地得出结论”，conclusion后可接that从句。
25. contribute的意思是“捐赠；贡献；投稿；提供”。常用短语contribute to意思是“有助于；有益于；促成”。其名词为contribution意思是“捐献： 贡献： 投稿”，常用make a contribution to/towards…，表示“对……作贡献”的意思。
Everyone should contribute three dollars to the Red Cross. 每位工人捐了3美元给红十字会。
Everyone should contribute what he or she can afford. 人人都应该尽自己的能力做贡献。
I’ve been asked to contribute an article to the language magazine. 有人请我给那份语言杂志撰篇稿。
Fresh air and exercise contribute to good health. 新鲜空气和锻炼有益与健康。
Does smoking contributed to lung cancer？吸烟会导致肺癌吗？
He made an outstanding contribution to science. 他对科学作出了www.gaofen123.com的贡献。
26. apart from除……以外(except for)；除……外，还有(besides)
Apart from being short, Tom is smart. 除了个子矮了点，Tom还是挺帅气的。
Apart from the cost, it will take a lot of time. 除了花费钱以外，它还需要不少时间。
27. 由make构成的词组
1）be made up of组成
Two thirds of the earth’s surface is made up of vast ocean．
2）make a bargain with sb : 与某人成交
3）make a decision 做出决定
We must look ahead before we make a decision.
4）make a difference 有影响,起(重要)作用
5）make a dive for向……猛冲
The dog made a dive for the bone．
6）make a face 做鬼脸
The student made a face when the teacher turned back.
7）make a fire 生火
8) make a living 谋生
He began to make a living by himself when he was ten．
9）make a promise许诺言
Father made a promise to buy me a new computer
10）make an apology to向……道歉
He apologized／made an apology to her．
11）make for走向，前往
They set off by car and made for the nearest town．
12) make friends 交朋友
13) make it成功，及时达到
After hard-working．we made it at last．
14) make money赚钱
To make money in the new era, follow the flow of information.
15) make one’s way排除困难前进
After the film ended we made our way out of cinema．
16)make out认出，理解
We made out a figure in the darkness．
It’s difficult to make out his ideas．
17）make progress进步
With the teacher's help，I have made much progress．
18) make repairs修理
They are making repairs in that building
19) make room for给……腾地方
Would you like to make room for the old lady?
20) make sure
21) make the bed
22)make the best of尽量利用
Mother didn’t enjoy his job，but she made the best of it
23）make up组成；化妆；打扮；补充；弥补；编造；捏造
Great Britain and Northern Ireland make up the United Kingdom．
It took her more than one hour to make up for the party
Our losses have to be made up with more loans． The whole story is made up
24）make up for弥补
We must make up for the time wasted before．
25）make up one’s mind下决心
I have made up my mind to work harder than before．
26）make use of利用
We should make full use of the books in the library
28. … all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion… 他所有的数学计算都得出了相同的结论。
lead to导致；引向；通往 The road leads to the foot of the hill.这条路通往山脚下。
29. Only if you put the sun there did the moments of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有你把太阳放在那儿，天空中其它行星的运动才能说地清楚。
以only引导的短语作状语或状语从句放在句首时，为了加强语气，句子需要部分倒装。
Only by working hard can we succeed.只有通过努力工作，我们才能取得成功。
make sense讲得通；有道理
Your story doesn’t make sense to me.你编的故事我听不明白。
如果想表示某人所说的话或提议，没道理、行不通。我们经常说：It doesn’t make any sense.
30. The problem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. 问题产生了，因为天文学家以前发现过，天上有些行星停顿下来，往后移动，然后再成环状向前移动。
arise vi 出现；发; 生起来；站起
That question did not arise. 那个问题没有出现。
I arose early in the morning.我每天早上起得很早
Accidents arise from carelessness. 疏忽大意往往会引起事故的发生。
arise from 由...而引起, 由...而产生; 从...中产生
arise out of 由...而引起, 由...而产生; 从...中产生
31. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others. 其它行星有时看上去亮些，有时又不怎么亮。
第一个others表示other planets, 第二个others表示other times
at times有时；不时I do feel a little nervous at times.我有时的确感到有点紧张
与time相关的词组
at one time意为“一度；过去曾经”，用于一般过去时态；
at a time意为“一次；每次；在某个时候”；
at all times意为“一直；无论何时”，相当于at any time; always。
32. So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete. 于是，他在1510至1514年期间从事这项研究，逐步修改他的理论，直到他感到完善时为止。
work on 对…起作用；对…发生影响；向…做工作；使兴奋；左右
His work on the cause of the diseases is of premier importance to the whole world.
他的病理研究工作对全世界至关重要。
33. He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round the sun…他还提出地球在围绕太阳转的同时，它本身还自转，……
34. His friends were entusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious. 他的朋友都热情地鼓励他把他的思想公诸于世，而他却小心谨慎。
The retired worker is very enthusiastic about neighbourhood affairs. 这个退休工人对里弄工作非常热心。
The schoolboys are more cautious not to make any mistakes in spelling than ever before. 男学生们在拼写时比以前更加小心,以避免发生错误。
35. Yet Copernicus’ theory is now the base on which all our ideas of the universe are built. 然而哥白尼的理论却是我们宇宙观赖以建立的基础。
36. If you were Nicolaus Copernicus, would you have hidden your theory for so many years? 如果你是哥白尼，你会把你的力量掩藏很多年么？
37. He has done many years of observations to prove his new theory is true. 他做了多年的观察工作来证实他的新理论是真的。
a man of no observation 没有观察力的人 carry out observations 进行观察
38. somebody else’s point of view 别人的观点
39. hold discussions 进行讨论
40. make choices 做出选择
41. You may argue with them and try to persuade them 你可以和他们争辩并且尽力说服他们。
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