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slept an average of 8.5 hours per night. a 2002 poll by the national sleep foundation suggests that the average has fallen to under 7 hours, and the decline is mirrored by the increase in obesity.

, the changes have been at the other end of the thermometer as the proportion of homes with air conditionings rose from 23% to 47% between 1978 and 1997. in the southern states ¨C where obesity rates tend to be highest ¨C the number of houses with air conditioning has shot up to 71% from 37% in 1978.

,the mean age for aving a frist child is 27.3pared with has also increased, rising from

national heart,lung and blood institute¡¯s study found that the odds of a child being obese increase 14% for every five extra years of their mother¡¯s age , though why this should be so is not entirely clear.

,found that first-bron children have more fat than younger ones. as family size decreases, firstbrons account for a greather share of the population. in 1964, british women gave birth to an average of 2.95 children;by 2005 that figure had fallen to 1.79. in the in 1976, 9.6% of woman in their 40s had only one chile;in 2004 it was 17.4%. thisbination of older mothers and more single children could be contributing to the obesity epidemic.

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b. they tasted better.

c. they were in fashion.

c. it will remain basically sÍƼö.

22. a. organising protests

b. recruiting members

c. acting as its spokesman.

d. saving endangered animals.

23. a. anti-animal-abuse demonstrations

b. anti-nuclear campaigns

d. removing industrial waste.

c. by taking legal action.

b. reserved

c. indifferent

26. a, the air bes still.

d. the sky appears brighter.

. analyze them rationally.

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33. a. improved mental functioning

34. a. pretend to be in better shape.

b. have more physical exercise .

c. turn more often to friends for help

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, bowerman was also known for experimenting with the design of running shoes in an attempt to make them lighter and more shock-absorbent. after attending to contact the onitsuka tigerpany, a manufacturer of athletic shoes. knight convinced thepany¡¯s officials of the potential for its product in the in 1963 he received his first shipment of tiger shoes, 200 pairs in total.

, knight convinced the officials of the onitsuka tigerpany that its product would have potentials in the

the team spirit and shared valves of the athlets.

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to the

a) by its productivityc) by its impact on the environmet

d) by its contribution to economic growth

a) localised pollutionc)petition from overseas

b) the shrinking of farmland

a)they have remained the same over the centuries

b)they have not kept pace with population growth

d)they are environmentally friendly

b) it will supply more animal products

c) it will abandon traditional farming practices

d) it will cause zero damage to the environment

a) to remind people of the need of sustainable development

b) to suggest ways of ensuring sustainable food production

c) to adance new criteria for measuring farming progress

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the percentage of immigrants(including those unlawfully present) in the has been creeping upward for years. at 12.6 percent, it is now higher than at any point ince the mid1920s

we are not about to go back to the days when congress openly worried about inferior races polluing ¡¯s bloodstream. but once again we are wondering whether we have too many of the wrong sort fo ners.their loudest citecs argue that the new wave of immigrants cannot,and indeed do not want to, fit in as previous generations did.

we now know that these racist views were wrong.in time, italians, romanians and members of other so-called inferior races became exemplary americans and contributed greatly, in ways too numerous to detail , to the building of this magnificent nation. there is no reason why these new immigrants should not have the same success.

although children of mexican immigrants do better, in terms of educational and professional attainment, than thir parents ucla sociologist edward telles has found that the gains don¡¯t continme. indeed, the fouth generation is marginally worse off than the third james jackson,of the

we have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding people on the presumption of the ethnic/racial inferiority. but what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of americanization work for all. i am not talking about requiring people to learn english or to adopt american ways; those things happen pretty much on their own, but as arguments about immigration hear up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader question about assimilation, about ho wto ensure that people , once outsiders , don¡¯t fovever remain marginalized within these shores.

that is a much larger question than what should happen with undocumented workers, or how best to secure the border, and it is one that affects not only neers but groups that have been here for generations. it will have more impact on our future than where we decide to set the admissions bar for the lasest ware of would-be americans. and it would be nice if we finally got the answer right.

a)they will be a dynamic work force in the

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a)how to deal with people entering the without documents

d)how to limit the number of immigrants to enter the

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individuals and businesses have legal protection for intellectual property they create and own . intellectual proper _62_from creative thinking and may include products, 63processes, and ideas. intellectual property is protected64misapproprition(

legal protection is provided for the ___66___of intellectual propetty. the threemon types of legal protection are patents, copyrights, and trademarks.

patents provide exclusive use of inventions. if the u.s patent office __67__ a patent, it is confirmind that the intellectual property is ___68____. the patent prevents others from making ,using, or selling the invention without the owner¡¯s __69___ for a period of 20 years.

copyright are similar to patents __70___that they are applied to artistic works. a copyright protects the creator of an __72___artisitic or intellectual work, such as a song or a novel. a copyright gives the owner wxclusive rights to copy, __72___ display, or perform the work . the copyright prevents others from using and selling the work , the __73___ of a copyright is typically the lifetime of the author

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trademarks are words, names, or symbols thatb) versusd) until

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