2009年职称英语卫生类教材新增部分内容
第二部分 阅读判断
(两篇)
some sleep drugs do more than make you sleep
the united states food and drug administration
注释:
1. united states food and drug administration (fda):美国食品及药品管理局
2. united states congress:美国国会
3. rhode island:罗得岛(美国州名)
4. new york times:纽约时报
5. but, he also said there are probably more cases than are reported. 不过,他也说道,可能实际病例要比报导的多。 请注意本句中than的用法。than后面连接了一个句子,可是却没有主语,学术界对此有两种说法:一种认为than是关系代词,它本身在从句中作一个句子成分;另一种则认为than仍为连接词,后面省略了句子的适当成分。请看类似的句子:
you spent more money than was intended to be spent. 你花去的钱比预计的多。
(请比较:you spent the money that was intended.)
as the child grows, the jawbones grow also; therefore, there is space for more teeth than
are in the first set. 随着孩子的长大,颌骨也随着长大,因此就有空间供比第
一套还要多的牙齿占用。
练习:
1. there are altogether 13 drugs treating sleep disorders in the united states.
a right b wrong c not mentioned
2. fda considers it the producers’ duty to warn the users of sleeping pills about the serious side effects and to tell them how to use safely.
a right b wrong c not mentioned
3. an allergic reaction to sleeping pills may sometimes cause a user to die.
a right b wrong c not mentioned
4. a stomach sickness drug alone caused patrick kennedy to crash his car into a security barrier.
a right b wrong c not mentioned
5. fda based its order upon a wide investigation of sleep-driving.
a right b wrong c not mentioned
6. sleep-walking is also one of the serious side effects induced by taking sleeping pills.
a right b wrong c not mentioned
7. the appearance of one or another side effect after taking some sleeping pill is unavoidable.
a right b wrong c not mentioned
答案与题解:
1. c 第一段第一句只说fda命令制药公司在13种安眠药上贴上语气坚定的新警告语,但是没有提到这13种是不是包括了美国的所有的安眠药。
2. a 第一段中fda命令制药商贴新警告语并指导病人如何安全用药,自然就认为这是制药商不可推卸的责任。
3. a 第二段第一、二句说到,其中有些药物具有意外的危险作用,包括威胁生命的过敏反应。既然威胁到生命,那有时就可能引起死亡。
4. b 请注意第三段最后一句的was also being treated,尤其是 also,说明他服用安眠药的同时也服用治呕吐的药,故不是单纯后一种药引起他的车祸。
5. c 第四段第一句说,fda没有说它调查了多少昏昏迷迷开车的事例,因此它是否作过大量调查我们并不知道。
6. a 第四段尤其是其中的第三句说到,服用安眠药以后有人昏昏迷迷开车,有人梦游,因此梦游属于的副作用之一。,
7. b 最后一段说到,只要服安眠药时按说明书服用而且不喝酒,危险行为就会减少,因此副作用并不是不可避免。
red meat links to higher risk of breast cancer
molecular adj. 分子的
cellular adj. 细胞的
cell n. 细胞
注释:
1. breast cancer:乳腺癌
2. replacement therapy:补充疗法,补偿疗法(应用机体天然产物或合成代用品补充机体的形成或缺陷)
3. hormone-receptor positive:激素受体阳性
4. treadmill test:单调乏味的实验
5. institute of gics and molecular and cellular biology:遗传学、分子生物学及细胞生物学研究所
练习:
1. breastfeeding helps women prevent the development of breast cancer to a certain degree.
a right b wrong c not mentioned
2. estrogen may contribute to the development of breast cancer as much as hormone replacement therapy.
a right b wrong c not mentioned
3. the amount of red meat a woman eats is directly proportional to the probability of breast cancer.
a right b wrong c not mentioned
4. the way red meat is prepared has much to do with the probability of breast cancer.
a right b wrong c not mentioned
5. any kind of iron in the food is a contributor to the development of breast cancer.
a right b wrong c not mentioned
6. resveratrol is the fourth factor recently found that causes a breast cancer to develop.
a right b wrong c not mentioned
7. any kind of wine contains resveratrol.
a right b wrong c not mentioned
答案与题解:
1. a 第二段第一句明确说到喂奶可以减少妇女患乳腺癌的危险性。
2. b 第二段说激素补充疗法会增加患乳腺癌的危险性,而第三段说到雌激素时只说到它是供给身体发育的,并未提到它会触发乳腺癌,两者是不能相提并论的。
3. a 第四段尤其是最后一句已是结论性的话,瘦肉吃的多,患乳腺癌的可能性就大,反之就小,故成正比。
4. a 倒数第三段列出了研究人员过去认为可能吃瘦肉致乳腺癌的三个原因,其中第一个就是瘦肉的烹调方法。
5. b 同样倒数第三段中列出的第三个因素就是瘦肉中所含的铁的种类,言下之意是有些类型的铁致癌,有的就不致癌,因此说所有食物中的铁都致癌显然是错的。
6. b 倒数第二段说到,食用大量白藜芦醇这种植物的混合物老鼠就会长寿,最后一段又说到白藜芦醇能提高肌肉的功能,这些都是正面的、积极的作用,并没有说它能致癌。
7. c 倒数第二段只说红酒中含有白藜芦醇,并没有说其它酒类有还是没有。
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