高二英语下知识点总复习教案

标签：高二英语,http://www.gaofen123.com 高二英语下知识点总复习教案,

　　(1) vt. & n. 需要，需求 = to ask for sth. ；需要，需求 = to require, need；后面可跟名词，代词，不定式或从句。

　　注意：demand后接从句时，从句应用虚拟语气，即 (should) + 动词原形。例：The workers are demanding better pay. 工人们要求提高工资。I demand that John (should) go there at once. 我要求约翰立即去那儿。This sort of work demands great patience. 这种工作需要极大的耐心。

　　(2) n. 多用作可数名词，表示"要求、请求、需求、需要"。如：It's impossible to satisfy all your demands. 满足你所有的要求是不可能的。The workers' demands for high pay were refused by employers. 工人们想提高工资的要求遭到雇主们的拒绝。

　　辨析：demand，ask，beg与require

　　这四个动词均表示"要求"。

　　ask通常表示在感到其要求可能能得到满足的情况下提出要求；beg表示一再恳切地提出要求；demand表示以强硬、断然的口吻提出要求；require表示有需要或有权力提出要求。如：She asked me to wake her at five. 她要我5点叫醒她。She begged not to be left at home. 她恳求不要把她留在家里。She demanded an answer of me. 她要求我给予答复。She required every man here to wear a tie. 她要求这里每个男人都戴领带。

　　拓展：in demand非常需要的、受欢迎的；on demand一经要求 如：These silk goods are not much in demand. 这些丝织品没有多少销路。Passengers must show their tickets on demand. 查票时，旅客需出示车票。

　　12. King led a boycott of the bus company. 金领导黑人对公交公司进行了联合抵制。(P.28 第五段 第2－3行)

　　★ lead

　　(1) vt. 领导、带领、引导 常用的结构为：lead sb. to some place和lead sb. in doing sth.。如：He led us to a room upstairs. 他把我们领到楼上的一个房间里。

　　(2) vi. 通向、导致 常用词组为lead to。如：All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。Carelessness leads to failure. 粗心导致失败。

　　(3) vt. 过(某种生活)。如：We are leading a happy life. 我们正过着幸福生活。

　　拓展：led by...在......的领导下；under the leadership of sb. 或under sb.'s leadership 在某人的领导下。如：Led by the Party, we have had great changes in our hometown. 在党的领导下，我们的家乡发生了巨大的变化。

　　(4) n. [U] 领先、带头。gain／have the lead in the race 在赛跑中领先; take the lead 带头; with him in the lead 在他的带动下

　　13. He led many non-violent demonstrations against the racial discrimination and the Vietnam War, ... 他领导了许多次反种族歧视和反对越南战争的非暴力示威游行。 (P.28 第五段 第5－6行)

　　★ against

　　(1) 反对，逆 He swam against the stream. 他逆流游泳。They sailed against the wind. 他们顶着风航行。

　　(2)撞击；碰着 He hit against a tree. 他撞在一棵树上。Rain beats against the window. 雨打在窗户上。

　　(3)紧靠，倚在 A piano stood against the wall. 靠墙放着一架钢琴。He put the ladder against the wall. 他把梯子靠在墙上。

　　(4) 以......为背景，与......对比 The picture looks good against that light wall. 在浅色墙壁的衬托下，这幅画很好看。A ship appeared against the sky. 一艘船出现在天边。

　　(5)防备He saved money against old age. 他攒钱防老。Squirrels store up food against winter. 松鼠贮藏食物以备过冬。

　　拓展：be against 表示"反对"，其同义词组是object to，反义词是be for，be in favour of，support。如：I knew she was against us. 我知道她反对我们。Are you against or for the plan? 你是反对这个计划还是赞成这个计划?

　　14. Martin Luther King Jr. was murdered in 1968. 马丁·路德·金于一九六八年被谋杀。(P.28 第八段 第1行)

　　★ murder意为"谋杀""凶杀"，既可以作动词，也可以作名词，作名词时意为"凶杀案"，是可数名词。如：① There's something about the murder in today's news- paper. 今天的报纸上刊登了这个谋杀案的一些情况。② Police ale still looking for the murder weapon.警察们仍在寻找谋杀用的凶器。③ There happened two murders this month in the town. 这个镇上本月发生了两起凶杀案。④ One day, a man was murdered in the street. 有一天，一个人在街上被谋杀了。

　　【注】请注意murder与kill的区别，kill是个普通的词，意为"造成 (任何生物)死亡"，其主语可以是人，也可以是物或大自然；而murder的意思是"谋杀"，是有目的、有预谋的行为。试比较：① My uncle was killed in a plane crash. 我叔父在飞机失事中遇难。② The cold weather killed our tomato plants. 寒冷的天气冻坏了我们种的西红柿。③ She was sent to prison for murdering her husband. 她因谋杀丈夫而被关进监狱。

　　▲murder还可作"因缺乏技术或知识而损毁"解。如：① He murdered a piece of music. 他把一支曲子演奏得不成样子。② Do you ever murder the English language? 你有没有胡乱使用英语? ③ It's a beautiful song, but they murdered it. 这首歌很动听，但他们唱砸了。

　　【注】murder在非正式用法中，可解释为"极艰难的事"。如：① At last I repaired the clock, but it was murder getting the pieces back in.我终于把钟修好了，但把所有的零件重新装好，可真是一件艰难的事。

　　15. If you were asked to move paragraph 1 to another place in the reading passage, where would it best fit in. 如果要求你把第一段移到文章的另一个地方，你认为哪里最合适。(P. 29 Post-Reading No.2)

　　★ fit in意为"(使)适合""配合"，常与with连用。如：① I've filled the box, and all the books fit in nicely. 我已装好了箱子，所有的书都放下了。② The home fits in beautifully with its surroundings.这房子同它周围的环境非常协调。 ③ Your ideas fit in with mine.你的想法跟我一样。④She joined the club but didn't seemed to fit in，so she left. 她参加了那俱乐部，但不适应，所以退出了。⑤ The piece of evidence does not fit in with that of the other witness. 这一证据同另一证人提供的不一致。

　　▲fit in可作"安排时间或地方"解。如：①I'm sure you can fit me in somewhere.我相信你能找个地方安排我。② Sorry, I can't fit in any more callers this morning. 对不起，今天上午我不能再接待更多的来访者了。③ I think one can fit in an additional room behind the kitchen. 我想我们可以在厨房后面辟出一间房间。

　　Section III 词汇、语法、综合技能

　　16. He is known as a freedom fighter for equal rights of black people in America. 他被认为是为了美国黑人平等权利而斗争的自由斗士。(P.30 Grammar EX.1 Example )

　　★ be well-known for，be well-known as及famous的异同 ▲be well known for和be well known as都有"以......而著称"之意，但前者表示主语以某一方面著称，而后者则意为主语作为一个整体以什么著称。请阅读下面例句，体会其中的差别：① Martin Luther King was well-known for fighting for equal rights for blacks.马丁·路德金以为黑人的平等权利战斗而著称。② Martin Luther King was well-known as a freedom fighter. 马丁·路德金以一名自由战士而著称。③ Beijing is well-known for the Great Wall, the Summer Palace and some other places of interest.北京因长城、颐和园和其他名胜著称。④Beijing is well-known as a beautiful city. 北京以一个美丽的城市而著称。⑤ Lu Xun was well-known for his essays.鲁迅以他的杂文著称。 ⑥ Lu Xun was well-known as a great writer and thinker. 鲁迅作为一个伟大的作家和思想家而著称。

　　【注】well-known的近义词是famous。famous是个普通词，使用最广泛，多用于褒义。侧重好名声，语义比well-known强；读上面的几个例句中well-known可用famous替代。well-known通常与名声好坏无关，也表示"广为人知"。下面的句子中，well-known不能用famous替代。如：① It is well-known that bamboo shoot is a panda's main food.众所周知竹笋是熊猫的主食。② It's a well-known fact that smoking can cause lung cancer. 吸烟可导致肺癌，这是众所周知的事实。

　　17. Freedom fighters can be found everywhere, and they are of all times. 只有战士到处都有，他们属于所有时代。(P. 30 第一段 第1行)

　　★ 再谈"be + of + 名词"： 关于"be + of + 名词"，我们在高二上册已作过分析，这里我们从另一角度来阐述一下。介词of在这里表人或物的特征，这是of的一种最常见的用法，只不过在这里是用在be动词之后作表语。构成了我们所要谈的这个结构，而在其他情况下，多用在名词后作定语，也表示人或物的特征。如：① The work I am doing is of much value. 我做的工作很有价值。(表语) ② This is the work of much value. 这是一件很有价值的工作。(定语) ③ They were both of middle height. 他们两人都是中等身材。(表语) ④ Tom's father is a man of middle height. 汤姆的父亲是中等身材。(定语) ⑤ The manager is of the same opinion. 经理也持同样看法。(表语) ⑥ He is a man of progressive views.他是个有进步观点的男子。(定语) ⑦ That's one true act of friendship. 这是一个真正的友好行动。(定语) ⑧ The act is of true friendship. 这个行动是真正友好的。(表语)

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