高二英语下知识点总复习教案

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　　4. Officials treated the people passing through the island badly. 官员们粗暴对待那些过岛的人。(p. 42 Listening Ex.3 No. 2 B)

　　★pass through的几种用法

　　▲ pass though 在本课中作"通过""经过"解释。如：① He passed through the doorway and entered the room. 他穿过门道，走进房间。② The newspaper is passing through the press.报纸正在印刷中。③ His sister had passed through medical college to become a qualified doctor.他姐姐上完了医学院成了一名合格的医生。④ Henry passed through a very hard time when his wife died. 亨利的妻子去世后，他经历了一段十分困难的时期。⑤ When Jane did not come home by midnight, many terrible ideas passed through Mother's mind. 简到了半夜还没有回来，这使母亲脑子里闪过了许多可怕的念头。

　　5. Some people cried when they were refused entry into the USA. 一些人在被拒绝进入美国的时候哭了。(p. 42 Listening Ex.3 No.2 C) ★ entry

　　(1) n. 进入The children were surprised by the sudden entry of their teacher. 老师突然进来把孩子们吓了一跳。The thieves had forced an entry into the building. 窃贼闯进了大楼内。

　　(2) n. [U]进入权 We can't go along that road because the sign says 'No Entry'. 我们不能走那条路，牌子上写

　　着"禁止人内"。

　　(3) (日记，账本等)项目There is no entry in his diary for that day. 他的日记上没有那一天的记录。

　　辨析：entry与entrance

　　两词均可表示进入，但entrance特别用于指进入仪式，演出；而entry指进入组织或指进入的权力。例如：to make an entrance onto the stage, an entrance examination；China's entry into the WTO；no entry

　　Section II 阅读

　　6. Ever since the Civil War, the South has struggled to find ways to deal with its troubled past.自从南北战争以来，美国南方各州一直在竭力找办法处理动荡不安的过去。(p.43 Reading 第一段 第1行)

　　▲struggle此处是动词，作"尽力使得"解释，后面接不定式。如：① The businessman struggled to free himself from debt. 那商人竭力想要摆脱债务。② She struggled to remember where she had been at the time of the accident.她竭力回忆事故发生时她在哪里。

　　【注】struggle的原意是"挣扎""斗争"后面可接不定式或for, against, with等介词。如：① Most animals have to struggle for existence in a dangerous world.大多数动物不得不在一个充满危险的世界里为生存而斗争。② The man in the boat struggled with the great waves.小船上的人与巨浪搏斗。③The boy struggled with the question and at last found the answer.那男孩苦想问题，终于找到了答案。④The swimmer struggled against the tide. 游泳者奋力与海浪搏斗。

　　▲way

　　(1)道路，路线路途 Which is the best / right / quickest / shortest way? 哪条路是最好(正确、最快、最近)的路? The longest / farthest way round / about is the nearest way home. 最远的路才是捷径。He made / pushed / fought / felt his way out. 他走(挤、冲、摸索着走)出去。

　　(2)方法，手段 They had no way to communicate with her. 他们没有办法与她联系。What's the way of address- ing the Queen? 怎么称呼女王才得体? The way (that) you are doing it is wrong. 你这么做错了。

　　拓展：by the way 顺便说

　　on one's way 在......的路上; on the way 在途中; all the way 一直地; ask the way 问道; by way of 取道，经由; have a long way to go 还要走很远的路，还要做很大的努力; in a / one way 在某种程度上(in) one's own; way 按自己的方式 in the way妨碍

　　▲ deal with有"对付""应付""相处"之意。如：① That man is impossible to deal with. 这人无法相处。② I'll get someone else to deal with them. 我将另找一个人来对付他们。③ Deal fairly with your students! 对你的学生要公正! ④ He seemed to be quick- tempered, but was actually not difficult to deal with. 他性子急，但不难相处。

　　【注】deal with还常用来表示以下意思：

　　(1) 是......的买主；与......有生意往来 The Greens deal with the butcher at the corner of the block. 格林家通常在街角处的肉铺买肉。

　　(2) attend to 处理 (事情、问题、紧急情况等) He is a person who can deal properly with all situations. 他是一个能恰当处理各种局面的人。

　　(3) 关于，论及This article deals with an important subject. 这篇文章论及一个重要问题。

　　7. ... the pains of slaves brought from Africa by greedy slave owners. 被贪婪的奴隶贩子从非洲带来的奴隶的痛苦。(p.43 Reading 第一段 第3行)

　　▲ pain原意为"疼痛"，表示身体局部的疼痛，其前一般用不定冠词，也可以用复数。如：① Mary is crying because she has a pain in her stomach.玛丽胃疼得哭了起来。② She had pains in her back all the time. 她背部一直痛。③ I couldn't sleep for pain. 我疼得睡不着觉。

　　【注】表示身体某部分的疼痛，介词要用in，不可用at或on，如例句① ②。

　　【注】pain表示"痛苦"时，是不可数名词。如：① You will forgive me if I have given your pain.如果我给了你痛苦，请你原谅我。② The pain in her heart was intolerable. 她内心的痛苦简直无法忍受。③ It will cause her infinite pain. 这会给她带来无限的痛苦。④ How well I understood the confusion and pain of her parents! 我非常理解她父母的迷惑和痛苦!

　　【注】 pain作"烦恼""辛苦""费心""努力"解释时要用复数形式。如：① He is a good teacher and takes great pains with his pupils.他是个好老师，非常尽力地教育学生。 ② With great pains and much patience, I at last managed to get from them the information I wanted. 我煞费苦心，坚韧不拔，总算从他们那里弄来了我需要的信息。② The old lady had taken great pains with her hair.这老太太在头发上花了一番工夫。③ She took great pains to show me how the computer worked.她努力向我展示这台计算机的工作原理。

　　【注】in pain是"痛苦""疼痛"之意，通常作表语，with pain是"疼痛地" "痛得"之意，用作状语。如：① The soldier Was wounded, and in pain.这名战士受伤了，疼得很。② The boy Was crying with pain after he broke his arm. 这男孩摔断胳膊后疼得哭叫起来。

　　【注】也可作动词用，意为"使心痛(痛苦)""使苦恼"。如：① It pained me to watch them quarrel. 看见他们争吵我很难受。② On nights like this, his wounded foot pained him.在这样的夜晚，他的伤脚就作痛。③ My tooth doesn't pain me now.我的牙齿现在不痛了。

　　8. ... the many sacrifices of the Civil Rights Movement. 许多人在民权运动中所作出的牺牲。(p.43 Reading 第一段倒数第4行) ▲ sacrifice

　　(1) n. [U]供奉，献祭，祭祀 the sacrifice of an ox to Jupiter. 用牛祭祀朱庇特。

　　(2) [C]供品，祭品，牺牲 Kill a sheep as a sacrifice. 宰羊用作祭品。

　　(3) [U]放弃某事物(通常是重要或有价值的东西) Getting rich isn't worth the sacrifice of your principles. 为致富而牺牲原则是不值得的。He became a top sports- man at some sacrifice to himself. 他付出了些代价才成为优秀的运动员。

　　(4) [C]牺牲的事物 Her parents made many sacrifices so that she could go to university. 她父母为她上大学在多方面作了牺牲。

　　(5) v. 供奉，献祭，牺牲某物 She sacrificed her career to marry him. 她为了嫁给他牺牲了自己的事业。The car's designers have sacrificed comfort to economy. 汽车设计人员为降低造价舍弃了汽车舒适方面的一些设想。 I'm not sacrificing my day off just to go shopping with Jane. 我可不愿意牺牲一天休假日单单陪简去买东西。

　　9. The wounds are slow to heal and the scars run deep.伤口很难愈合，伤疤很深。(p.43 Reading 第一段 倒数第3行)

　　▲在作表语的形容词后的不定式，如果不带宾语，则与句子的主语往往有一种逻辑上的动宾关系，如本句to heal逻辑上的宾语是句子的主语the wounds；若该不定式动词是不及物动词，则其后应加上适当的介词，与主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，请体会下列例句的意思和结构。① Your writing is impossible to read. 你的书法没法认。② My car is hard to start in cold weather.我的车天冷时很难发动。③ Do you think the water is safe to drink? 你认为这水喝起来安全吗? ④ The food is not fit to eat. 这食品不适合吃。

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