高二英语下知识点总复习教案

标签：高二英语,http://www.gaofen123.com 高二英语下知识点总复习教案,

　　date back to追溯到......

　　▲date此处作动词用，意为"确定......的年代""计算......的日期"通常与from或back to连用，意为"追溯到......" 如：① The castle dates back to the 14th century. 这城堡可以追溯到十四世纪。② The prosperity of the family dates from the war.这个家族的富裕可追溯到战争年代。③ This custom dates back to the Tang Dynasty.这习俗可追溯到唐朝。

　　【注】 date作动词时，可引申为"(开始)变得过时"之意。如：① Some James Bond films have dated more quick- ly than others.有些"007"电影比其他的过时得快。② This sort of style never dates. 这种流行式样永远不会过时。

　　【注】 date还有"显示人的年龄"之意。如：That suit dates you so much. 你穿那套衣服使你显得很老。

　　6. That would have made him a man of distinction. 这能显示出他地位的卓越。(p.75 Reading 第二段 第3行)

　　distinction n. 区别; 差别; 不同之处；特征; 特性; 个性；优越; 卓越; 盛名；功勋; 荣 誉; 勋章

　　the chief distinction of Chinese food中国食品的主要特征

　　a writer of distinction 一位卓越的作家

　　academic distinctions学术上的荣誉

　　There is no appreciable distinction between the twins. 在这对孪生子之间看不出有什么明显的差别。His distinc- tion of sound is excellent. 他辨别声音的能力很强。His style lacks distinction. 他的文体缺乏个性。

　　7. Next to them lay a cushion stone, upon which the man could work metal. 在它们的旁边放着一块垫东西的石头，这个人有可能在上面锻造金属。(p.75 Reading 第三段 第2 －3行)

　　▲本句是一个倒装句，主语是a cushion stone，谓语是lie的过去式lay，整个谓语都提前，为全部倒装。这种倒装结构主要是为了句子的平衡，在宾语中，有时句子的主语过长，又没有宾语，为了使句子较为平衡，同时也为了使句子更生动，常将状语提到句首，将主谓倒装，这种倒装是直接把谓语动词放到主语之前，不需要加 助动词。请阅读下面的倒装句，体会这种倒装句的结构。 ① Over the wall came a shower of stones.从墙上飞来一阵石块。② On every - side stretched fields of green wheat.四周都是葱茏的麦田。③ At the top of the hill stood a tiny temples.在山顶上有一座小小的寺庙。④ Next to it stood a pile of paper cups.它旁边立着一堆纸杯。⑤ In the distance could be seen the green hills.能看到远处绿色的群山。⑥ In the doorway stood a man with a gun.门道里站着一个拿枪的人。

　　▲ work在此处作及物动词用，意为"制作""锻造""塑造"。如：① He worked a silver dollar into a bracelet.

　　他把一枚银元铸成一只手镯。② They worked a piece of copper into a tray.他们把一块铜铸成一个盘子。

　　【注】work作及物动词时有多种意思，请阅读下列句子，体会work的含意。① He worked his farm with success. 他成功地经营着他的农场。② Our teacher works us very hard. 我们的老师对我们抓得很紧。③ The wounded man worked his way across the fields on his hands and knees. 这受伤的人靠手和膝盖爬过田野。④ Can you work the stone into place? 你能慢慢挪动石头使它就位吗? ⑤ The landlord almost worked his farmhands to death. 那地主迫使雇农们累死累活地干。⑥ Do you know how to work the machine? 你知道这机器怎么开吗?

　　8. It was all that a person would need to survive - clothing, tools, weapons, pottery and spare materials to make new tools. 这些全都是一个人赖以生存的必需品－衣服、工具、武器、陶瓷、以及制造新工具用的备用材料。(p.75 Reading 第三段 倒数第1行) ▲ spare

　　(1) adj. 备用的 Please stay with us, we have a spare room for you. 请住下吧，我们有给你的备用房间。Each car should have a spare tyre. 每辆车都应有个备用轮胎。

　　(2) adj. 多余的，空闲的What do you like doing in your spare time. 在空余时间，你喜欢干什么? Have you got a spare moment? There is something I'd like to discuss. 你有空吧? 我有事要跟你讨论。

　　(3) v. 出让，抽出(时间) 让给He said he could spare me 5 minutes. 他说他能为我抽出5分钟的自由活动时间。Can you spare me this book for a while? 这本书你能让我看一会儿吗?

　　(4) v. 节约，省用We hope that readers will not spare their comments. 我们希望读者无保留地提出意见。No trouble was spared to make sure the guests enjoyed themselves. 不惜一切代价确保客人们玩得尽兴。

　　(5) v. 省掉，用不着We can spare you for tomorrow. 明天我们可以不要你帮忙了。Use the telephone and spare yourself a visit. 打个电话，用不着你亲自去一趟。

　　注意：spare no effort(s) 不遗余力；spare no expense 不惜工本

　　9. The discovery is important for a variety of reason.这次发现非常重要，其原因是多方面的。(p.75 Reading 第四段 第1行) ▲ variety

　　(1) n. 多样化，变化She doesn't like the work because it lacked variety；she was doing the same thing all the time.她不喜欢这项工作因为它缺乏变化，她过去一直做同样的工作。

　　(2) n. 种类Everyone arrived late at the party, for a varie- ty of reasons. 由于种种原因，所有人到会都迟到了。

　　拓展：a variety of = varieties of 各种各样a lot of = lots of 大量，许多a mass of = masses of 众多，大量 都既修饰可数名词也修饰不可数名词

　　联想：(派) vary v. 变化；改变 various adj. 不同的，各种各样的

　　10. Archaeologists tend to believe that this man was a member of a powerful class ... 考古学家倾向于认为这个人是有权阶级中的一员。(p.76 Reading 第一段 第1行) ▲ 动词tend的用法

　　(1) tend在本课中作"倾向于""有某种趋势"解，后接不定式。如：① My mother tends to get tired in the evenings.我母亲在晚上容易疲劳。② His novels tend to be pessimistic.他的小说有悲观倾向。③ A problem for manufacturers is that lighter cars tend to be noisy. 制造商所面临的问题是较轻型的轿车往往噪音很大。④ It tends to rain a lot in summer here.这儿夏天常常下雨。⑤ I tend to think that members of parliament do a good job.我常常以为议员们的工作总是做得很好。

　　(2) tend也可作"有助于"解。如： These measures tend to improve working conditions.这些措施有助于改善工作条件。

　　(3) tend在正式用语中有"照管""照例""护理"之意，相当于look after。① He tends the flower beds and evergreens that he has planted in the driveway. 他总是细心呵护着种植在车道边的花圃和常青树。② She tended her husband carefully during his illness.丈夫生病期间，她悉心照顾他。

　　11. But the smaller blue stones, still weighing four tons on average, came from west Wales. 但是，更小的蓝石头平均都有四吨重，它们是从威尔士西部运来的。(p.76 Reading 第二段 第3行) ▲ weigh

　　(1) vt. / vi. 称......的重量，掂量......的分量; 重量为Have you weighed yourself lately? 最近你称体重了吗? The first man-made satellite of our country weighs 173 kilograms. 我国第一颗人造卫星重173公斤。

　　注意：weigh作及物动词，意为"称......"，强调动作；用作不及物动词，意为"重......"，没有被动语态。

　　(2) v. 考虑，权衡 You have to weigh the costs of the new system against the benefit it will bring. 你必须权衡新体系的花费和它将带来的利益。weigh the advantages and disadvantages 权衡利弊

　　拓展：by weight 按重量计算；put on weight 体重增加；lose weight 体重减轻； weight lifting 举重

　　They are sold by weight. 它们是按重量出售的。

　　She's lost weight / put on weight since I last saw her. 从我上次见到她，她已经变瘦／胖了。

　　12. It is not yet known how these were conveyed over a distance of 380 kilometres. 至今还不知道这些石头是如何从380公里以外的地方运来的。(p.76 Reading 第二段 第4行) ▲ 谈谈动词convey的用法

　　(1) 本课中convey作"搬运""运送"解。如：① This ship conveys oil from the Middle East.这艘船从中东运输石油。② This train conveys both passengers and goods. 这列火车既载客又运货。③ A taxi conveyed us to the railway station. 一辆出租车将我们载到火车站。④ A chimney conveys smoke to the outside. 烟囱将烟排到室外。

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