高二英语下知识点总复习教案

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　　20. During the Olympics, the eyes of the world were on Atlanta. 在奥运会期间，全世界的目光都集中在亚特兰大。(p.44 Reading 第三段 第3行)

　　▲介词on在此处作"(视，盯)在......(目标)上"解释。如: ① Allen is eating, her eyes on her food.埃伦吃东西时两眼盯着食物。② Jim came in, his eyes were fixed on Della as if he didn't know her. 吉姆走了进来，他的眼睛盯住了黛拉好像不认识她似的。③ He fixed his eyes on something moving on the wall.他一直盯着在墙上蠕动的东西。

　　【注】请注意on的几种常见用法

　　1. on表示"关于(某个题目)""在(某个问题)上"。如：① Write a term paper 0n Shakespeare.写一篇关于莎士比亚的学期论文。② I differ from you on that point. 在这一点上我和你看法不同。③ He is absorbed in his work on bacteria. 他专心进行他关于细菌的工作。

　　2. on用于引申意义，表示"在......身上""在心上"等。如: ①My mind is still on the research. 我的心思仍然在这项研究上。② Have you got any money on you? 你身上带钱了吗? ③ I saw it on television. 我是在电视上看到的。

　　3. 表示"在......时"后跟动名词或名词，表示一个动作紧接着另一个动作。如: ① On reaching the city，he called up Mary. 一到城里，他就给玛丽打电话。② The boys stood up on the entrance of the headmaster. 校长进来时男孩子们都站了起来。③Oh his return from Europe, he set to work again. 他一从欧洲回来，就投入了工作。

　　4. 表示原因，意为"根据""由于""在......下"。如: ① He did it on the instruction of the manager. 他是根据经理的指示这样做的。② I came on your invitation. 我是在你的邀请下来的。

　　4. 表示目的。如: ①She had come on a visit to England. 她来访问英国。② The Turners had been away on a long trip. 特纳一家离开去长途旅行了。

　　5. 表示"靠......生活""以......为主食"。如: ① The prisoners could not exist on bread and water. 囚犯也不能单靠面包和水生活。② They lived mostly on vegetables from their garden. 他们主要靠园子里的蔬菜生活。

　　21. ... but the people there are determined to make a new beginning. 但是那儿的人民决心从头开始。(p.44 Reading 最后一段 第2行)

　　★ 动词determine的常见用法

　　▲ determine意为"决定""决心"，后面常跟不定式或从句。如: ① They determined to stay there till the year was up.他们决定在那儿一直待到年底。② The explorer determined to set out tile next day in spite of the storm. 探险者决定不顾风暴次日出发。③ Have you determined where you are going to spend the holidays? 你决定去度假的地方了吗? ④Nobody determined what is to be done. 没有人决定下一步怎么办。

　　【注】determine作上述解释时，可以跟on引导的短语。如: ① They determined on an early start. 他们决定早动身。② He has determined on going tomorrow. 他已决定明天去。

　　【注】上述例句⑤⑥相当于determine后接不定式。

　　▲determine常用作过去分词作表语，意为"有决定""下定决心"，后接不定式或从句，如本课正是此用法。如: ① She was determined not follow his advice.她决定不按他的劝告办。② He was determined that no one should know anything about it. 他决定不让任何人知道这事。③ They were determined to fight for their nation's independence and freedom to the end.他们决心为国家的独立和自由斗争到底。④ He was determined that his son should have a good education.他决定要让他的儿子接受良好的教育。

　　▲determine有"使决定""使下决心"之意，后接不定式作宾补。如: ① What determined you to accept the offer?

　　什么原因使你接受这项提议? ② His advice deter- mined me to delay no more. 他的忠告使我决定不再拖延。③ Your answer determined me to do so. 你的答复使我决定这样做。

　　▲determine亦可作"确定""限定""算出"解释。如: ① The size of your feet determines the size of your shoes.脚的大小决定鞋子的尺码。② They determined the date for our party.他们确定了我们聚会的日期。③ The position of the earth in relation to the sun determines the seasons. 地球与太阳之间的相对位置决定一年四季的变化。

　　22. In 1996, Atlanta hosted the Olympic Games. 一九九六年，亚特兰大举办了奥运会。(p.44 Post-Reading E)

　　▲此处host作动词用，意为"主办""作......的主人""接待"。如: ① Birmingham is hosting this year's trade fair.伯明翰将主办今年的交易会。② Which country is going to host the next World Cup? 下届世界杯由哪一个国家主办? ③ The group was hosted by the ambassador. 这一群人受到了大使的款待。

　　【注】 host还有"作......的节目主持人"之意，一般用于非正式场合。如: ① She's now hosting her own show. 她正主持自己的节目。② Mr Smith has been hosting the show for two years. 史密斯先生主持该节目有两年了。

　　【注】 host作名词用时有"主人""东道主""主办(单位、国家)"之意。如: ① Apart from my host, I didn't know a single person there.除了主人外我谁都不认识。② Barcelona was chosen to be the host of the 1992 Olympic Games.巴塞罗纳被选为一九九二年奥运会东道主城市。 ③ The host team and the guest team won each of the games, so they were even with each other. 主队和客队各赢一场，现在他们两队打平了。

　　【注】host作名词时是指男主人，女主人用hostess，但hostess不能作动词用。如: My hostess greeted me with unexpected warmth. 我的女主人出乎意料地热情欢迎我。

　　Section III 词汇、语法、综合技能

　　23. The Native Americans lived by gathering roots, ... 美洲土族民族以采集根茎... 为生。(p.47 Integrating Skills Reading 第一段 第2行)

　　* gather v.

　　(1) 聚集，集合，召集A crowd soon gathered. 很快聚集起一群人。Gather round and listen, children! 孩子们，围过来听我说。

　　(2) 收集，收扰 (分散的东西) Give me a moment to gather my notes together. 给我些时间整理一下笔记。She gathered up her scatted belongs and left. 她把自己的散乱物品收好就走了。

　　(3) 搜集，采集(水果等) The small boy gathered mushrooms in the fields. 小男孩在田中采集蘑菇。

　　(4) 收割，收获 The harvest has been safely gathered in. 庄稼已妥善收获完毕。

　　(5) 增加(某事物) The darkness is gathering. 夜色渐浓。The car gathered speed. 汽车速度逐渐加快了。

　　辨析：gather与collect

　　这两个词都有"聚集"的意思，gather是普通用语，指"集中起来"，既指具体的人和物，也可指抽象的印象、思维、力气等。collect是"收集，聚集"之意，指有计划，有选择的收集，强调日积月累的过程，有时和gather通用。He is gathering information. 他在收集信息。The clouds are gathering。and it would probably rain. 云在聚集，也许要下雨。The patient is gathering strength. 病人正在恢复体力。Do you collect stamps? 你集邮吗? His work is to collect information. 他的工作是收集资料。

　　联想：altogether adv. 完全，总共; together adv. 在一起，共同; gathering n. 采集，集合

　　24. They hunted bison, a type of wild animals which used to exist in huge numbers on the plains of America. 土族民族狩猎野牛，这是一种曾经在美洲平原上大量存在过的一种野生动物。(p. 47 第二段第1行)

　　★ type和kind

　　▲(a)type of作"种类" "类型"解释时，后接单数名词，不用复数名词，该名词前不加任何限定词。例如我们可以说a different type of bicycle，但不可说a different type of a bicycle(或bicycles)如: ① What type of plan is this? 这是一种什么计划? ② The engineer designed a new type of plane. 这位工程师设计了一种新型飞机。

　　【注】但type作"典范"解释时，其后的名词可以被限定词所修饰。① Abraham Lincoln was a fine type of the American patriotism. 阿巴拉罕·林肯是美国爱国史上的典范。② Liu Hulan was a fine type of the revolutionary here. 刘胡兰是革命英雄人物的典范。③ John is a fine type of school boy. 约翰是学生的典范。

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