高二英语下知识点总复习教案

标签：高二英语,http://www.gaofen123.com 高二英语下知识点总复习教案,

　　注意："建议某人做某事"不可用suggest sb. to do sth. 句型，但可用advise sb. to do sth. suggest只有一个宾语。我向他提议我们早点动身去机场。

　　误：I suggested him that we leave early for the airport.

　　正：I suggested to him that we leave early for the airport.

　　提示：表示向某人建议某事用to sb. 置于宾语之后；也可以因强调宾语或句子结构的需要而置于宾语之前，但不可以省去to；类似的动词有：explain解释；announce宣布，通知；report报告，报到。

　　补充：suggest(ion)等后用虚拟语气的情况：我们表示"建议""要求""命令""应当做......"这一意义时，suggest等动词后的宾语从句中的谓语常用"(should+) 动词原形"；这类动词的字头记忆口诀是：I DROP CAPS，具体为：insist坚持；demand要求，desire要求，请求；request请求，require需要；要求；order命令；propose建议；command命令；ask要求；advise建议；prefer宁愿；suggest建议 (1) 这些动词变被动语态 (如：It is suggested + that主语从句)形式后，主语从句谓语动词仍用"(should+)动词原形"。 (2) 这些动词变名词(如：suggestion)后，其后的表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语部分仍用"(should+)动词原形。" (3) 此类动词不表达"某事必须或很重要"这一意义时，宾语从句中不用虚拟语气。She insisted that she heard somebody in the house. 她坚持说她听到房子里有人。Her expression suggested she was angry. 她的表情表明她很生气。

　　2) allow (1) v. 允许，准许 They do not allow smoking here. 他们不允许在这里抽烟。They allowed her to go to the party. 他们允许她去参加聚会。(2) v. 给予，提供(钱或时间) He allows his son ten dollars a month. 他每月给儿子10元钱。Your gift allows me to buy a car. 你的赠礼使我能够买一辆车了。The facts allow no other explanation. 这些事实不容易做解释。

　　辨析：allow，permit与let: (1) allow和permit都表示"允许"，用法也一样，在许多情况下可以互相换用，只是词义的强弱上有些差别。(2) allow词义较弱，含有"听任""默许""不加阻止"的意思。permit词义较强，强调"正式认可""批准"的意思。let表示"让"，词义最弱，较口语化，用法上也不同于allow和permit；在let后面的宾补为不带to的动词不定式；let一般不能用被动语态。That teacher allows too much noise in the classroom. 那位老师听任教室里大声吵闹。Schools do not permit smoking. 学校不准吸烟。The nurse allowed him to remain there, though it was not permitted. 护士让他留在那里，虽然这是(规定)不允许的。Let me help you. 让我帮你吧。

　　8. ... and it is believed to be caused by a sea monster. 人们认为这是由于一种海中怪兽造成的。(P. 11 第二段第2行) cause:

　　(1) v. 导致；成为......的原因；使发生He often causes trouble to / for people. 他常给人们惹麻烦。His illness caused him to miss the game. 他因病不能参加比赛。

　　(2) n. [C] 原因，起因Careless is often the cause of fires. 粗心大意常常是火灾的起因。

　　(3) n. [C] (人们强烈维护或支持的)原则或运动She fought for the cause all her life. 她一生都在为事业奋斗。

　　辨析：cause，reason，excuse与grounds

　　cause"起因"；指引起某种后果的起因。reason"理由，原因"；指决定做某一件事或采取某一行动的理由；由此而得出结论或解释。excuse"辩解，借口"；指为某一行为所做的解释，可以是真的，也可以是推托之辞。grounds"根据，理由"；指有根据的理由。The cause of the accident was the fact that he was driving too fast. 事故的原因是他车开得太快。The reason for my absence was that I was ill. 我没来是因为我生病了。Too much work is no excuse for not studying. 工作太忙不能成为不学习的理由。We have good grounds to believe his story. 我们有充分的理由相信他的话。

　　9. Dr Aronnax, his servant and a Canadian whale hunter set out to find the monster. 爱瑞纳克斯博士，他的仆人和一位加拿大的猎鲸手出发去寻找这只海怪。(P.11 第二段 倒数第1行) set out:

　　(1) 开始，着手 They set out to perform the operation. 他们开始做手术。They set out to work as soon as they arrived. 他们一到就干了起来。

　　(2) 启程，动身Half an hour later we set out again on our journey. 半小时之后，我们又启程赶路了。They set out for Rome. 他们动身去罗马。

　　比较：(1) set about开始，着手 He set about washing his car. (= He set out to wash his car.) 他开始洗涮汽车。

　　I'll set about preparing supper. (= I'll set out to prepare supper.) 我要开始准备晚饭了。(2) set off出发、动身 We all set off for New York next Tuesday. (= We all set out for New York next Tuesday.) 下星期二我们将动身去纽约。They have set off on a journey round the world. (=They have set out on a journey round the world.) 他们已出发作环球旅行。

　　归纳：set out (1) 动身、出发 (set off) (2) 开始、着手 (= set about) 其中out，off为副词，about为介词。

　　拓展：set sb. an example = set an example to sb. 为某人树立榜样; set about 着手(开始)做; set aside 存蓄，留出; set fire to 点燃，生火; set foot in / on 登上，涉足；访问; set off 出发，动身; set to work (使)开始干

　　10. ... the three companions are thrown overboard.三个伙伴都被撞翻到船外。(P.12第一段 第2行)

　　overboard: adv.自船边缘落入水中They were thrown overboard when they were on the sea. 他们出海时船翻了。

　　辨析：aboard，board，on board与abroad

　　aboard adv.在船 (飞机、车)上；上船(飞机、车) / board vt. 上车，上船 / on board 在船 (车等)上，上船 (车等) / abroad adv. 在国外，到国外 The boat is ready to leave. All aboard! 船就要开了，请大家上船。It's time to go aboard. 该上船(火车、飞机)了。

　　注意：aboard作副词时只用在动词之后。

　　board vt. 上车、上船 Then we boarded the bus and headed for the airport. 然后我们上了汽车向机场开去。What time shall we go on board? 我们什么时候上船(车)?

　　注意：on board作形容词或副词性短语时，一般作"在船上..." "上船"解。He lives abroad for many years. 他在国外侨居多年。They are sent abroad to work. 他们被派驻国

　　外工作。

　　注意：abroad通常用在行为动词后作状语，用在be动词后作表语。abroad可与from连用，作"从国外"解。

　　The professor is engaged from abroad. 这位教授是从国外聘来的。

　　11. In their efforts to survive, they find themselves on the surface of the monster itself,... 在他们努力求生时，却发现自己就在这头怪兽的身体表面。(P.12 第一段2－4行)

　　1) effort n. 努力；尽力 He lifted the heavy box without effort. 他毫不费力地举起了那个重箱子。The prisoner made an effort to escape but he failed. 那犯人企图越狱，但没有成功。

　　辨析：effort，effect，affect与afford

　　effect n. 影响、效果 / affect v. 影响 / afford v. 花费得起；买得起；力足以 His stomachache is an effect of overeating. 他因为吃得过量而肚子痛。Smoking affects health. 吸烟影响健康。Since she lost her job, she can't afford to have a car. 自从她下岗以后，就用不起汽车了。I can't afford three weeks away from work. 我不能放下工作外出三个星期。

　　拓展：make an effort to do sth. 尽力做....../ redouble one's efforts 加倍努力 / spare no effort(s) to do sth 不遗余力做 / make a good effort 做很大的努力 / make every effort 尽一切努力 / do sth. without effort 毫不费力做

　　2) find + 宾语 + 宾语补足语

　　(1) find + 宾语 + 宾补 (形容词) We found the prin- ciples easy to understand. 我们发现这些原理很容易理解。

　　(2) find + 宾语 + 宾补 (名词) You will find it a difficult book. 你会发现这是本很难的书。

　　(3) find + 宾语 + 宾补 (现在分词) He found a number of people already working there. 我发现很多人已经在那里干了。

　　(4) find + 宾语 + 宾补 (过去分词) He found the place much changed. 他发现这 地方有了很大变化。

　　(5) find + 宾语 + 宾补 (不定式) We found him to be dishonest. 我们发现他不老实。

　　(6) find + 宾语 + 宾补 (副词) He hurried there，but found them all out. 他急匆匆赶到那里，但发现大家都出去了。

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TAG:知识点  高二英语